RESUMO
Physical cardiovascular examination, particularly cardiac auscultation, is one of the most difficult clinical skills for students during their medical training. Studies suggest that the use of technologies such as digital stethoscope increase the accuracy of clinical examination, however, its impact on the teaching of cardiac auscultation for undergraduate students of medicine is not known. The objective is to demonstrate the usefulness of the digital stethoscope compared to traditional methods as a tool in the teaching of auscultatory skills. nterventional, longitudinal, controlled, unicenter and randomized study. Thirty-eight medicine students were enrolled for a cardiovascular semiology course lasting eight weeks. The course program included lectures and bedside practice in Cardiology wards. In the practical lessons, the students were randomized into two groups: 1) (n = 21) digital stethoscope (Littmann® Model 3200, 3M); and 2) (n = 17) conventional stethoscopes. A pre-training evaluation was conducted through a test using the software Heart Sounds®, which was repeated after the course. The average scores were compared by paired T test and unpaired T test. It is observed that, at the end of the course, there was a significantly greater improvement in the group that used the digital stethoscope (51.9%) compared to the group using the conventional stethoscope (29.5%). Short-term interventions for cardiac semiology teaching are able to contribute significantly to improving proficiency in the identification of heart sounds. The use of digital stethoscope proved to be a positive factor in teaching these skills.
Assuntos
Cardiologia/educação , Auscultação Cardíaca/instrumentação , Estetoscópios , Ensino/normas , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Auscultação Cardíaca/normas , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudantes de Medicina , Ensino/métodosRESUMO
Fundamentos: Estudos demonstram a importante prevalência do déficit de vitamina D (vit. D) em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com fração deejeção reduzida (ICFER). O déficit de vit. D se relaciona com a piora na qualidade de vida e redução do desempenho funcional. Com o envelhecimento, a insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção normal (ICFEN) tornar-se-á o tipo de insuficiência cardíaca mais comum, com resultados referentes ao prognóstico semelhantes aos da ICFER. Apesar das evidências daação benéfica da vit. D no sistema cardiovascular em pacientes com ICFER, não há estudos clínicos que demonstrem a melhora morfofuncional cardiovascularcom a suplementação de vit.D em pacientes com ICFEN. Objetivo: Demonstrar a melhora da qualidade de vida e função diastólica em pacientes com ICFEN, após suplementação de vit. D. Métodos: E s t u d o p ro s p e c t i v o , d u p l o-c e g o randomizado, placebo controlado, envolvendo 40 pacientes com ICFEN e deficiência de vit. D (25OHD<30ng/mL), por 20 semanas de tratamento. Os pacientes receberão suplementação de 100.000UI decolecalciferol ou placebo no início do estudo e na 10ª semana, sob supervisão médica. Os pacientes serão avaliados por: testes funcionais (timed up and go test e 6 minute walk test), exames laboratoriais, questionário Minnesota Living with Heart Failure, eletrocardiograma e ecoDopplercardiograma, avaliando a função sistólica, a diastólica e o remodelamento ventricular no início doestudo, em 10 semanas e em 20 semanas. Conclusão: O estudo FITNESS avaliará o impacto morfofuncional cardiovascular e na qualidade de vida em 20 semanas na suplementação de colecalciferol em pacientes com ICFEN e déficit de vit. D.
Background: Studies have shown a significant prevalence of vitamin D (Vit. D) deficits in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction(HFREF), related to poorer quality of life andreductions in functional performance. With anaging population, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) will become the most common type of heart failure (HF), with similar results for HFREF predictions. Despite evidence of the beneficial action of vit. D on the cardiovascular system in HFREF patients, there are no clinical s t u d i e s demo n s t r a t i n g c a rd i o v a s c u l a r morphofunctional improvement through vit.D supplementation in HFPEF patients. Objective: To demonstrate improvements in the quality of life and diastolic function for FPEF patients taking vit. D supplements. Methods: Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, with 40 patients with HFNEF and vit. D deficiency (25OHD <30ng/mL)for 20 weeks of treatment. Patients will receive supplements of 100,000IU of cholecalciferol (Vit. D3)or placebo at baseline and at 10 weeks under medical supervision. They will be assessed by: functional tests (timed up-and-go test and 6-minute walk test),laboratory examinations, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, electrocardiogram, evaluating systolic and diastolic functions and ventricular remodeling at baseline, and at 10 and 20weeks.Conclusion: The FITNESS study will evaluate cardiovascular morphofunctional impacts and effects on the quality of life during 20 weeks of cholecalciferol supplementation in HFPEF patients with vit. D deficits.
